Examining the Influence of Second Wave Feminism in Purple Hibiscus: Challenging Gender Roles and Empowering Women

Abstract

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is a renowned Nigerian writer and an unwavering advocate for gender equality. In her work, she emphasizes the importance of equal rights for both men and women, inspiring women to challenge gender-based discrimination, stereotypes, and the mistreatment of women. Adichie has received numerous accolades and nominations for her literary contributions. Her debut novel, Purple Hibiscus, published in 2003, received the Commonwealth Writer's Prize. The story follows the life of Kambili Achike, a young girl in post-colonial Nigeria, and her family. While her father portrays himself as a champion for human rights, he is an abusive and controlling figure at home, demanding obedience and conformity from his wife and children. The protagonist and her family are oppressed, unable to speak up or express themselves freely. Eventually, the mother takes matters into her own hands and poisons her husband after enduring multiple miscarriages due to his abuse. The novel depicts the transformation of a woman who initially adheres to patriarchal norms to one who finds the strength to stand up against her abusive husband.

This study aims to examine the relevance of the second wave of feminism in relation to Purple Hibiscus. The second wave of feminism emerged in the 1950s and 60s following the two World Wars. It addresses various issues faced by women, including domestic violence, sexism, gender-based discrimination, workplace safety, rape, social and individual injustice, and the dominance of patriarchy. This movement was sparked by Betty Friedan's book, "The Feminine Mystique," which argued that women were confined to finding their identity and fulfillment solely within their families. Throughout the study, multiple insights indicate the incorporation of second wave feminism ideologies in the novel. Adichie portrays two contrasting types of women through the character of Mama (Beatrice Achike) – one who adheres to traditional societal stereotypes and another who embraces her independence. Mama initially strives to be the perfect wife and mother to free herself and her children from the oppressive patriarch, eventually finding solace in her decision.